Sonja Corbitt
Ever wondered, Which Bible translation do most Catholics have in their homes?
The Bible is history’s biggest best seller, but the many translations and versions can be difficult to navigate. Whether you’re a new convert, a non-Catholic interested in comparative study, a catechist, or a lay Catholic curious about Catholic practices, knowing which Bible translations are the most popular among Catholics—and understanding the differences between translations—can help you make an informed choice.
The “study of the sacred page” should be the soul of sacred theology and ministry of the Word (CCC 132). But reading, studying, and praying Scripture is not simply about exegesis (i.e., “explanation”) of the text. It’s also about finding a version that speaks to you: a version that you can understand and connect with. So, what are the most popular approved Catholic Bible translations, along with their histories and features? Why are they favored by Catholics?
4 favorite translations
According to the Catholic Truth Society and the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), these are the top three most widely used Bible editions among Catholics:
1. New American Bible (NAB and NABRE)
The NAB and NABRE are the most widely used translations among Catholics, particularly valued for their liturgical alignment and readability. The use of this translation at Mass and in the Liturgy of the Hours in the US significantly contributed to its widespread acceptance and familiarity among American Catholics, making it the most popular choice.
History
The New American Bible (NAB) was first published in 1970, marking a significant milestone as it was the first American Catholic Bible translated directly from the original languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. The translation was a collaborative effort of over fifty scholars and theologians, sponsored by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.
The New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE) was released in 2011. This version includes updated translations of the Old Testament and the Psalms, reflecting the latest in biblical scholarship and linguistic studies. It also provides tools for study, such as annotations and cross-references. The NABRE aims to provide a more accurate and understandable text for modern readers while staying faithful to the original manuscripts.
Features
- Modern language: The NAB uses contemporary language, making it accessible to modern readers without losing the depth of the original texts.
- Liturgical use: It is the version commonly used in the liturgy of the United States, meaning it is the text heard during Mass readings.
- Study tools: The NABRE includes detailed annotations and cross-references, aiding personal and group study. These notes often provide historical and cultural context, enhancing the reader’s understanding of the Scriptures.
- Inclusive terminology: The NABRE uses “gender-neutral” terminology where possible, aiming to be respectful yet clear to all readers. While this could be a turn-off for some, others may find it refreshing.
2. Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition (RSV-CE and RSV2CE)
The RSV-CE and RSV2CE (same Bible, second edition) are highly favored in Catholic circles, and have been the leading choice for scholars for most of the twentieth century to the present, due to their accuracy and their “very literal” translation hermeneutic. The combination of its scholarly reliability and practical use in both personal study and group settings make the RSV a popular option.
History
The Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition (RSV-CE), was first published in 1966. It was adapted from the Revised Standard Version (RSV), a revision of the American Standard Version (ASV) of 1901. The RSV was an attempt to update American biblical scholarship with the latest in linguistic and archaeological discoveries. The Catholic Edition was developed with the approval of the Catholic Biblical Association, incorporating the deuterocanonical books and notes on Catholic theology.
The second edition, RSV2CE, was released in 2006. This edition corrected several passages, aligning them more closely with Catholic liturgical and doctrinal standards. The RSV2CE also includes some updates in language, making it slightly more contemporary while retaining the literal translation approach.
Features
- Literal translation: The RSV-CE aims to provide a word-for-word translation, preserving the original texts’ nuances and ensuring theological accuracy.
- Ecumenical acceptance: This version is widely accepted among various Christian denominations, making it suitable for comparative study.
- Study aids: Editions like the Ignatius Study Bible offer extensive footnotes and commentary, making it a favorite for in-depth study.
- Language and style: Maintains a balance between readability and the formal tone of the original texts.
3. New Jerusalem Bible (NJB)
The NJB is mentioned frequently among Catholics who appreciate its precision and readability. Its literary style and thorough notes also make it a favorite for personal reading and study groups.
History
The New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) is a 1985 revision of the Jerusalem Bible, which was originally translated from the French edition by the Dominican biblical school in Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Bible was the first widely accepted English Catholic translation since the Douay-Rheims Bible and was published in 1966. The NJB aimed to update the language and incorporate the latest in biblical scholarship. As an aside, renowned author J. R. R. Tolkien helped work on the NJB, and was also the original translator of the book of Jonah!
Features
- Dynamic equivalence: Balances between word-for-word and thought-for-thought translation, making it both accurate and easy to read.
- Scholarly notes: Contains extensive footnotes and references that provide critical and historical context. Ideal for deep study.
- Literary quality: Known for its poetic and literary style, making it enjoyable to read while maintaining scholarly integrity.
- Comprehensive annotations: Offers detailed explanations of the text, enhancing the reader’s understanding of biblical events and themes.
4. Douay-Rheims Bible
The Douay-Rheims Bible is still highly valued among Catholics, particularly those who appreciate its traditional language, loyalty to the Latin Vulgate, and historical significance. It remains a preferred choice for those who seek to connect with the long-standing traditions of the Catholic faith.
History
The Douay-Rheims Bible, completed in 1609–1610, is the English translation of the Latin Vulgate. The translation was undertaken by Catholic scholars exiled from England during the Protestant Reformation and was intended to provide an English Bible for English-speaking Catholics. The Douay-Rheims remained the standard Catholic Bible for centuries until the advent of newer translations.
Features
- Classical wording: Retains the traditional and formal language of the time, appealing to those who prefer a classical text.
- Historical significance: Its historical roots make it a significant choice for traditionalists and those studying historical translations.
- Literal translation: Maintains a close adherence to the Latin Vulgate, which was the standard biblical text of the Catholic Church for many centuries.
- Annotations: The original annotations provide insight into the Catholic interpretation of the Scriptures, offering valuable historical perspectives.
3 favorite editions
Not everyone is aware there is a difference between a translation and an edition, but there is. Many editions of the Bible may make use of the same translation, but they will offer other unique content, aids, tools, art, or formats. The results for these top three Catholic Bible editions are drawn from an informal survey of over a thousand Catholics conducted by the author.
1. St. Joseph Edition (NCB)
The author’s survey found the St. Joseph Edition of the New Catholic Bible the most popular choice, especially for families. Its features made it particularly appealing for those with children and grandchildren, and therefore a common choice for multi-generational reading.
Features
- Family-oriented: Includes family record pages for recording important family events, making it a cherished household edition.
- Accurate: Translators used the best available Hebrew and Greek texts to achieve a dignified and accurate version of the sacred text in language that is clear and meaningful to today’s readers.
- Comprehensive notes: Offers extensive study notes and cross-references that provide deeper insights into the text.
- Visual aids: Features maps, illustrations, and photographs that help readers visualize biblical events and locations.
- Devotional content: Contains additional prayers, reflections, and devotions, making it a practical tool for spiritual growth.
2. Ignatius Study Bible (RSV2CE)
The Ignatius Study Bible, based on the RSV2CE translation, is the second most popular Bible among the Catholics surveyed, behind the NAB and NABRE, due to its comprehensive notes and study aids. Developed by Dr. Scott Hahn and Dr. Curtis Mitch, this study Bible offers detailed commentary, historical background, and theological insights. It is often recommended for those looking for in-depth understanding and scholarly resources.
Features
- In-depth commentary: Provides extensive notes and explanations from a Catholic perspective.
- Theological insights: Includes insights from renowned Catholic scholars, making it a valuable resource for theological study.
- Study tools: Offers extensive maps, charts, and references to aid in understanding the text.
3. Great Adventure Bible (RSV2CE)
The Great Adventure Bible was also mentioned frequently, just behind the Ignatius Bible. Known for its user-friendly approach to reading and understanding the Bible, it incorporates the RSV2CE translation and includes additional resources for study. Its accessibility appeals to both new Christians and those who are just starting out, while its growing popularity reflects Catholics’ appreciation for its guided and structured approach to Bible study.
Features
- Reading plan: Provides a chronological reading plan that guides readers through the narrative of the Bible.
- Study aids: Includes maps, timelines, and study notes that help readers understand the contextual history of the Scriptures.
- Accessible language: Uses clear and accessible language, making it suitable for readers of all levels.
What “unapproved” means
Church approval ensures the English translation aligns with Catholic teaching and tradition. An “approved edition” means it has undergone rigorous review by Catholic scholars and USCCB to ensure its translation and interpretation are consistent with Church doctrine. These Bibles are often used in liturgical settings and are trusted for their accuracy.
Examples of unapproved Bibles include some popular Protestant ones, such as the King James Version (KJV) and New International Version (NIV). These contain theological bias in their translation choices, and typically lack the complete traditional canon of seventy-three books, and/or they simply have not undergone the rigorous review process required for approval, particularly for liturgical use.
It’s important to note that “unapproved” does not mean “banned.” You are free to own and read unapproved Bibles. However, any Bible which bears an imprimatur (Latin, “Let it be printed”) may be used by Catholics for personal study and devotion with the assurance of theological and historical accuracy.
Among those reviewed above, there are three other mentionable contemporary translations of the Bible into English that are officially approved by the USCCB to be free from inaccuracy and excessive bias:
- New Catholic Bible (NCB)1
- Contemporary English Version (CEV)
- Good News Bible (GNT)
Are non-Catholic Bibles and Bible studies “allowed”?
Again, the Catholic Church does not “ban” non-Catholic Bibles or Bible studies. She does give us guidance, however, in what is worthy of belief:
In things of faith and morals, the true sense of Holy Scripture is held by the Church, whose place it is to judge the interpretation of the Scriptures (1 Tim 3:15); and it is permitted to no one to interpret Holy Scripture against such sense or against the unanimous agreement of the Fathers. What can be a greater sign of pride than to refuse to study the Books of the divine mysteries by the help of those who have interpreted them? (Providentissimus Deus 37)
If Catholics decide to use non-Catholic Bibles or attend such Bible studies, we should always compare those translations and interpretations with the “mind and heart of the Church”—what the Church teaches throughout history, especially the teachings and interpretations of the Church Fathers. Because, “[t]he Holy Fathers, we say, are of supreme authority, whenever they all interpret in one and the same manner any text of the Bible, as pertaining to the doctrine of faith or morals; for their unanimity clearly evinces that such interpretation has come down from the Apostles as a matter of Catholic faith” (Providentissimus Deus 38).
Conclusion
”The Church has always venerated the Scriptures as she venerates the Lord’s Body. She never ceases to present to the faithful the bread of life, taken from the one table of God’s Word and Christ’s Body” (CCC 103).
As you can see, Catholics looking to explore the Bible in an interactive and enriching way have a varied selection of reliable, accurate translations and versions to choose from. If you are interested in comparing multiple Bible translations and editions side-by-side, Verbum makes this easy to do. Additionally, Verbum offers a digital library of Catholic resources, including commentaries, that makes it easy to cross-reference texts and deepen your reading of Scripture. These resources can help you make informed decisions, ensuring your Bible reading and study are as meaningful and enriching as possible.
Mark Giszczak
Kevin Clemens